December 14th, 2023

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Theory: 3D Design Inspiration- Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

When an artist who animates with drawings looks to reference for stylization techniques, he might look to modern UPA style cartoons. These can often give him ideas for interesting shapes or ways of handling the line. But these sorts of flat designs aren’t much help to a puppet or CGI animator, because 3D characters need to be volumetric so they can inhabit three dimensional space. A flat UPA character won’t translate. So where does a CGI or puppet character designer look for ideas about stylization?

Well… one great source is American Indian Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls
Click to see in 3D!

Kachinas are very important spiritual symbols to the Hopi and Zuni tribes in North Eastern Arizona. They represent natural life forces that are able to provide protection, fertility or healing. There are hundreds of different Kachinas in the Hopi culture, each one with a specific personality and representational meaning. The Kachinas aren’t thought of as gods, but rather as a shadow society, with family relationships and lives of their own. There are Kachinas that embody the wind, the sun, stars, thunderstorms, birds, animals and even ideas, like motherhood or fertility. The most important Kachinas are referred to by the Hopi as Wuya.

Kachina Dolls

The Hopis and Zunis dress up as the Kachinas for planting and harvest festivals. They dance and sing in costume and give the children of the pueblo wooden dolls of the characters as gifts to protect them and teach them about the culture. (The Kachinas are looked upon by the children as a cultural equivalent of Santa Claus because of this custom.)

Kachina Dolls

The Navajo tribe didn’t have Kachinas in their culture, but the proximity of the Hopi and Navajo reservations created a sharing of ideas, and now many Navajos carve Kachina dolls too.

Here are some examples of the masks worn by the Kachina dancers…

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

The word “Kachina” can be used in several contexts… It can be used for the characters representing natural spirit powers, the costumed dancers at the festivals, the dolls given as gifts to the children, or to describe the crude souvenir dolls sold to tourists.

Kachina Dolls
Souvenir Kachinas sold along Route 66 in the 50s and 60s
Kachina Dolls

The simplest way to tell a souvenir Kachina doll from one given to the Hopi children is to look on the feet for a signature. Tourist Kachinas are almost always signed and have the name of the Kachina. Ones given by the Kachina to the Hopi children is never signed, because the children are told that the Kachinas themselves made it for them.

Kachina Dolls

Senator Barry Goldwater had the world’s most significant collection of antique Kachina Dolls, which he willed to the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona. The collection illustrates the progression that Kachina design went through from the 1890s all the way through the 1950s. If you are ever in the area, it’s well worth a visit.

Kachina Dolls

As you look through this gallery of Kachina dolls, take note of the wild stylization and the variations on a single character. Each Hopi artist has his or her own style and approach to carving the dolls and the designs have changed radically over the past century. Earlier examples are more like outer space creatures, while more recent ones have more realistic human proportions.

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

Kachina Dolls

It’s easy to get stuck in a stylistic rut, designing characters that look just like other character designs. Instead, step outside of the box for inspiration and you’ll find that the possibilities in design for animation are limitless… and a lot of fun too!

Stephen Worth
Director
Animation Resources

TheoryTheory

This posting is part of a series of articles comprising an online exhibit entitled Theory.

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Posted by Stephen Worth @ 10:00 am

December 12th, 2023

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Story: Alvin Show Pilot Board

Alvin Show Pilot Board

This is a very special post. Here is the complete storyboard to the pilot cartoon for The Alvin Show (1961). This is the board that Format Films and Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (aka: David Seville) used to pitch the show to the networks. It was probably done by Disney/UPA storyman, Leo Salkin. Salkin was the Associate Producer on the series and handled a lot of the story duties, working side by side with Bagdasarian to develop both the Chipmunk and Clyde Crashcup cartoons.

Alvin Show Pilot Board

I know that this might look like a checkerboard on your screen at this resolution. I made an extra effort to make the large size images big enough for you to read clearly, so please click on the pages and take the time to sit down and read this from beginning to end. I think you’ll be amazed at how well it plays in your head. It’s like you’re watching the cartoon.

Alvin Show Pilot Board

The drawings are simple, yet funny and expressive. Note how the compositions frame the action clearly, without clutter. Many current TV shows repeat the same oblique two-shot setups over and over. But this board keeps things interesting through clever staging and cutting.This is truly a model for television storyboard artists to follow. Enjoy!

Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board
Alvin Show Pilot Board

Stephen Worth
Director
Animation Resources

Animated CartoonsAnimated Cartoons

This posting is part of the online Encyclopedia of Cartooning under the subject heading, Animation.

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Posted by admin @ 10:15 am

December 11th, 2023

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REFPACK055: Swinnerton, Tezuka and Bernini- What A Variety!

Reference Pack

REFPACK055: December / January 2023-2024

RefPack Review
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Every other month, Animation Resources shares a new Reference Pack with its members. They consist of e-books packed with high resolution scans video downloads of rare animated films set up for still frame study, as well as podcasts and documentaries— all designed to help you become a better artist. Make sure you download this Reference Pack before it’s updated. When it’s gone, it’s gone!


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The latest Animation Resources Reference Pack has been uploaded to the server. Here’s a quick overview of what you’ll find when you log in to the members only page…

PDF E-BOOK:
Jimmy Swinnerton

Jimmy Swinnerton’s Canyon Kiddies
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Volume One
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In 1907, Swinnerton was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was given two months to live. William Randolph Hearst was fond of him, and sent him West to Colton, California in hopes that the mild weather and dry air would help his illness. Swinnerton’s tuberculosis cleared up completely and he never left the West for the East coast again.

Traveling and living in Arizona, Swinnerton’s art began reflecting a Southwest desert landscape. He befriended Native American locals and treated them as peers. He was quoted as saying, "No one can become bigoted and narrow in the midst of broad desert vistas and great canyon walls." Good Housekeeping magazine hired him to produce full color single page stories about Native American children called Canyon Kiddies. Chuck Jones admired the comics and hired Swinnerton to work on an animated adaptation called "Mighty Hunters" in 1940.

SD VIDEO:
Commercial Reel

Two More Commercial Reels
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Mid 1950s

Television commercials are so ubiquitous, we rarely give them a second thought. But a great deal of strategy goes into their creation. A commercial is designed to do three things… First, it must create a desire in the public’s mind for a particular product or service. Beautifully photographed scenes of steaming hot coffee being poured into cups; syrup dripping down the sides of buttered stacks of pancakes, pizzas being pulled out of ovens… all this is designed to get us salivating for the product. Secondly, an advertisement should build brand awareness and convince the audience that the sponsor’s product is better than that of the competitors. We are told that a product is “new and improved”, or it’s the brand doctors recommend, or studies show it’s 25% more effective against arthritis pain. Lastly, and this is often overlooked, a commercial is expected to engage and entertain the audience. Animated television commercials can inspire desire and build brand awareness as well as live action can, but it’s particularly effective at achieving that last goal.

Animation Resources has shared many commercial reels with its members in the past, and we’re happy to share two more courtesy of our Advisory Board member, Steve Stanchfield.


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HD VIDEO:
Legend Of The Forest

The Legend Of The Forest (1st Mvt.)
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Osamu Tezuka / Japan / 1987
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Throughout his life, Osamu Tezuka greatly admired Disney’s Fantasia, and aspired to make a film that synthesized classical music and animation in the same manner. He chose Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Symphony Op. 36 as a soundtrack and set to work on animating his impressions of the music. Tezuka’s concept for "Legend Of The Forest" was to use the forest as a metaphor for the development of animation as a technique. The animation would mirror the step by step advancement of animation techniques from primitive animatics based on comics, like the early years of animation; and as the film progressed, the style would develop as animation developed, all the way to full animation. In the fourth movement, TV animation would invade the Disney style and drive it out, the way TV animation techniques replaced the labor intensive full animation of the 1940s and 50s.

Tezuka only completed the first and fourth movement before his death. We are sharing the first movement in this Reference Pack, and we will share the fourth one in the next.

SD VIDEO:
Nikolai Khodataev

The Music Box
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Nikolai Khodataev / Russia / 1933

The state sponsored studio Mezhrabpomfilm, employed most of the animators in Russia at that time, but Nikolai Khodataev was an exception. As an independent animator, he could come up with his own stories without the interference of government censors. "The Music Box" was more primitive technically than the state sponsored films, but creatively it was much more daring. The designs were by Daniel Cherkes and were highly stylized with a sinuous inked line, not unlike the drawings in contemporary caricature journals and avant-garde posters. The film was quite different than anything being made at that time, but ultimately that difference led to its downfall.

A year after "The Music Box" was released, Stalin declared that Socialist Realism was the only artistic movement that would be allowed, and the work of Khodataev was suppressed. While other artists sublimated themselves to Stalin’s decree, Khodataev chose to abandon his work in animation, feeling that it was better to have no art at all than to be limited to Socialist Realism. Other animators, principally Ivan Ivanov-Vano, carried the torch at the government controlled studios, and Soyuzmultfilm was founded in 1936.


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SD VIDEO:
SD VIDEO:
DEFA

Sensation Of The Century
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Otto Sacher / DEFA / East Germany / 1959

Otto Sacher was born in 1928 and studied at the Institute for Artistic Design in Halle, East Germany. In 1955, he founded the Animation department of the DEFA Studios, the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic. DEFA was created in 1946 by the Soviets in the hopes that film was the best means to counter over a decade of Nazi propaganda. The style of DEFA was known as “Socialist Realism”, an ideologically focused kind of film that was tightly controlled by Soviet censors.

Strangely enough, DEFA was known for producing Westerns, but ones where the Indians were the “good guys” and the cowboys were the “bad guys”. The intent was to make the United States appear to be evil. In the mid 1950s, the studio began producing satirical films, and animation was the perfect medium for this. "Sensation Of The Century" is one of the earliest examples.

SD VIDEO:
Kaibutsukun

Kaibutsukun & Gutsy Frog
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Episodes 21 & 32 / 1969
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Kaibutsu-Kun is a horror-comedy series which follows a boy named Tarou Kaibutsu. He is accompanied by his monster friends Dracula, Wolfman and Franken. He also has a human friend named Hiroshi. Throughout the series they encounter all kinds of monsters, and in many cases are put at odds with them. The series was created by Fujiko Fujio, best known for his creation Doraemon. Production alternated between Tokyo Movie (known today as TMS Entertainment) and Studio Zero. It aired from April 21st, 1968 to March 23rd, 1969.

Gutsy Frog

Gutsy Frog (known as Dokonjo Gaeru in Japanese) is a comedy series created by Yasumi Yoshizawa. It also happens to feature a boy by the name Hiroshi, who mistakenly fell on a frog (Pyonkichi). The frog sticks to his shirt and becomes his companion. The series was produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and ran from October 7th, 1972 to September 28th 1974, spanning over one hundred episodes.


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HD VIDEO:
Bernini

Bernini
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Francesco Invernizi / Galleria Borghese / 2018
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Animators are called upon to animate the human figure in motion. They need to know how the body flexes and contracts, they have to be able to turn the masses in three dimensions, and they need to be able to convey personality through posing and gesture. There is no better way to develop these skills than figure drawing.

The nicest thing about drawing from sculpture is that the model is more patient and doesn’t get tired of holding a pose. The student has all the time he needs to capture all the planes and masses that make up the human figure. But it has to be a very special kind of sculpture to directly relate to live human models. Gian Lorenzo Bernini is one of the greatest sculptors for this purpose. His knowledge of musculature and skeletal structure is encyclopedic. His figures exude life and energy from all angles and all distances. A lifetime could be spent studying his work. Animation is a competitive field, and the best way to gain the edge and remain employed is to work on your figure drawing chops. I hope this documentary inspires you to do that.

HD VIDEO:
Breakdowns

Hair And Fur
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Curated By David Eisman
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While hand articulation may be the most technically challenging of all the principles, hair and fur simulation is perhaps the most tedious. The reasons behind such tedium are multifaceted. There is, of course, the difficulty involved with tracking each individual strand of hair or fray of fur. The more realistic the animator wishes the hair or fur to be, the more individual lines required. Thus, with each additional line, the difficulty of tracking increases exponentially. Additionally, the animator must juggle the movement of the individual strands versus the mass as a whole. If the movement of each strand is uniform and identical, the flow of the hair or fur will feel stale and lifeless. However, if the animator fails to coordinate the individual movements of the strands, the flow and rhythm of the mass of hair will not coalesce, and the hair or fur will move like a chaotic jumble that the viewer will almost certainly not recognize. Moreover, both the individual strands and the group of strands must follow the wave principle.


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ANNUAL MEMBER BONUS ARCHIVE
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Available to Student and General Members

  • EBOOK: Simplicissimus Vol. One December 1903-March 1904
  • VIDEO: Astro Boy Pilot Tezuka 1963
  • VIDEO: “Sno Fun” Terry / 1951

Simplicissimus

ANIMATION RESOURCES ANNUAL MEMBERS: Bonus Reference Pack 7 is now being rerun and is now available for download. It includes an e-book of the influential German caricature magazine, Simplicissimus, the pilot episode of Tezuka’s Astro Boy, and a Terry-Toon in HD featuring amazing animation by Jim Tier. These downloads will be available until January 1st and after that, they will be deleted from the server. So download them now!

Astro Boy

If you are currently on a quarterly membership plan, consider upgrading to an annual membership to get access to our bonus page with even more downloads. If you still have time on you quarterly membership when you upgrade to an annual membership, email us at…

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membership@animationresources.org

…and we will credit your membership with the additional time.

Heckle and Jeckle

Click to access the…

Annual Member Bonus Archive
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Downloads expire after October 1st, 2023


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Whew! That is an amazing collection of treasures! At Animation Resources, our Advisory Board includes great artists and animators like Ralph Bakshi, Will Finn, J.J. Sedelmaier and Sherm Cohen. They’ve let us know the things that they use in their own self study so we can share them with you. That’s experience you just can’t find anywhere else. The most important information isn’t what you already know… It’s the information you should know about, but don’t know yet. We bring that to you every other month.

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Check out this SAMPLE REFERENCE PACK! It will give you a taste of what Animation Resources members get to download every other month!

Sample RefPack

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Animation Resources is a 501(c)(3) non-profit arts organization dedicated to providing self study material to the worldwide animation community. If you are a creative person working in animation, cartooning or illustration, you owe it to yourself to be a member of Animation Resources.


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Animation Resources is one of the best kept secrets in the world of cartooning. Every month, we sponsor a program of interest to artists, and every other month, we share a book and up to an hour of rare animation with our members. If you are a creative person interested in the fields of animation, cartooning or illustration, you should be a member of Animation Resources!

It’s easy to join Animation Resources. Just click on this link and you can sign up right now online…


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Posted by Stephen Worth @ 8:42 am